Fig. 2

3D printed model of a lumbosacral spine with realistic spondylosis, including levoconvex scoliosis and degenerative facet arthropathy, modeled from a real patient CT. Ivory-colored vertebral bodies were printed using calcium sulfate hemihydrate. Black-colored intervertebral discs were printed using Stratasys Polyjet FLX980 Tango Blacrk